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1.
Heliyon ; 9(8): e19137, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37636380

RESUMO

During the postharvest phase of ginger, 2.6%-5% by weight of ginger rhizome residues are generated, which are disposed in landfills and constitute a continuous source of organic contamination causing serious environmental problems. The objective of this study was to valorise ginger postharvest residues (shoot, finger, slice, trunk, root, and rootles) from district Pichanaki (Peru) as dry powdered byproducts with an antioxidant capacity similar to that of rhizome. The nutrition composition, phenolic compounds, such as total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 6-gingerol content, and 6-shogaol content, antioxidant capacity expressed by ferric reducing antioxidant power and IC50 of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, surface changes, and structural morphology were evaluated. In addition, the dependent variables were correlated using the Pearson's matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). The results for shoot, finger, slice, and trunk residues showed similar phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacities to those of rhizome, but similar results were not obtained for root and rootlet residues. These results were corroborated by analyses of surface and structural morphologies. The Pearson's matrix showed that the content of phenolic compounds correlated with the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate content for the rhizome and residues, except for the root. The PCAshowed that residues that exhibited higher contents of starch grains with reserve functions such as shoot, finger, slice, and trunk were correlated with higher contents of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity, while residues with higher contents of crude fibre and ash with a support function exhibited a low antioxidant capacity. Thus, the shoot, finger, slice, and trunk residues, from district Pichanaki (Peru), can be valorised and reincorporated as byproducts in the ginger value chain. They are important for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

2.
Avian Dis ; 67(2): 170-176, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37556296

RESUMO

The objective of the trial was to evaluate three vaccination schemes against Clostridium perfringens (CP) alpha-toxoid through drinking water to determine if they can protect against clinical signs of necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-day-old Cobb 500 male chicks were used in 4 treatments with 10 repetitions. Each group received 1 of the following treatments over the course of 29 days: T1, no vaccination; T2, vaccination on Day 1; T3, vaccination on Day 7; and T4, vaccination on Days 7 and 17. The birds were vaccinated with inactivated CP toxoid type A, administered via drinking water. During the first 14 days, a high-protein diet (27%) consisting of corn, soy, and fish meal was fed. On Day 14 Eimeria acervulina (EA), Eimeria maxima (EMx), Eimeria tenella (ET), Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria brunetti were used in a coccidial challenge. The field isolate CP type A was then inoculated on Days 18, 19, and 20. Ten birds were slaughtered by treatment to obtain serology samples for antibody titers and intestine samples for CP and Eimeria lesion score and gut integrity indicators. Productive performance was assessed using complete randomized design and compared statistically using the Tukey test, whereas intestinal integrity variables and antibodies against CP alpha toxin were assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric method. The results revealed that the treatments had an effect on productive performance (P < 0.05); T3 had better body weight and weight gain than T1. In terms of lesion score at Day 21, T4 had a lower lesion score by EA, EMx, and ET than T1. Cell desquamation in T2 was lower than in T4, and excess mucus (EM) in T1 was the worst in gut integrity indicators at Day 21. On the other hand, T2 had more EM than T3 and T4 at Day 25. In the measurement of antibodies, no statistical differences (P > 0.05) were found. These findings indicate that vaccination on Day 7 (T3) outperformed double vaccination on Days 7 and 17 (T4) and single on Day 1 (T2), in terms of productive performance, gut integrity, and lesion scores; and on the last day of the experiment T3 had the best performance in immunology response.


Evaluación de tres esquemas de vacunación contra la toxina alfa de Clostridium perfringens y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento, el nivel de lesiones intestinales y los títulos de anticuerpos séricos en pollos de engorde. El objetivo del ensayo fue evaluar tres programas de vacunación contra Clostridium perfringens (CP) con un alfa-toxoide a través del agua de bebida para determinar si protegían contra signos clínicos de enteritis necrótica y coccidiosis en pollos de engorde. Para ello se emplearon 300 pollitos machos Cobb 500 de un día de edad, distribuidos en 4 tratamientos con 10 repeticiones. Cada grupo recibió, durante 29 días, uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1: sin vacunación; T2: vacunación en el día uno; T3: vacunación en el día siete y T4, vacunación en los días siete y 17. Las aves fueron vacunadas con toxoide inactivado de C. perfringens tipo A, que se administró en el agua de bebida. Durante los primeros 14 días se alimentó con una dieta alta en proteína (27%) que consistía en maíz, soya y harina de pescado. El desafío coccidial se realizó en el día 14 con Eimeria acervulina (EA), Eimeria maxima (EMx), Eimeria tenella (ET), Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria brunetti. Posteriormente, en los días 18, 19 y 20 se inoculó una cepa aislada de campo de C. perfringens tipo A. Se sacrificaron diez aves por tratamiento para obtener muestras de sueros para determinar los títulos de anticuerpos y muestras de intestino para determinar la puntuación de lesiones por C. perfringens, por Eimeria y los indicadores de integridad intestinal. El comportamiento productivo se analizó bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) y la comparación estadística se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey, mientras que para las variables de integridad intestinal y los títulos de anticuerpos contra alfa toxina de C. perfringens se utilizó el método no paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados mostraron que el comportamiento productivo fue influenciado por los tratamientos (P < 0.05); el tratamiento T3 mostró el mejor peso corporal y ganancia de peso en comparación con el tratamiento T1. Con relación al puntaje de lesiones en el día 21, el tratamiento T4 tuvo el menor puntaje de lesiones por E. acervulina, E. maxima y E. tenella en comparación con el tratamiento T1. La descamación celular en el tratamiento T2 fue menor que en el T4 y el exceso de moco en el tratamiento T1 fue peor entre los indicadores de integridad intestinal en el día 21. Por otro lado, el tratamiento T2 tenía más exceso de moco en comparación con los tratamientos T3 y T4 en el día 25. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (P > 0.05) en la medición de títulos de anticuerpos. Estos hallazgos indican que la vacunación en el día siete (T3) superó a la vacunación doble en los días 7 y 17 (T4) y única en el día uno (T2), en términos de rendimiento productivo, integridad intestinal y puntajes de lesiones, además en el último día del experimento, el tratamiento T3 tuvo el mejor desempeño en la respuesta inmunológica.


Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium , Coccidiose , Água Potável , Eimeria tenella , Eimeria , Enterite , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Masculino , Ração Animal/análise , Galinhas , Infecções por Clostridium/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium perfringens/fisiologia , Coccidiose/prevenção & controle , Coccidiose/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Eimeria/fisiologia , Enterite/prevenção & controle , Enterite/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Toxoides
3.
Heliyon ; 9(6): e16516, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37251458

RESUMO

The antioxidant capacity of ginger depends on the type of variety, growing conditions, postharvest, drying method, extraction, and measurement, among others. The objective of the research was to compare the efficiency of ultrasound (US), magnetic agitation (AM), maceration (M), and reflux (R) extraction methods. In the GFD (fresh air-dried ginger) extract, the contents of total phenolic content (TFC), 6-gingerol (6-G), and 6-shogaol (6-S) were evaluated; as well as the antioxidant capacity by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and IC50 in DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical). In addition, structural and morphological changes were evaluated with FTIR and SEM, respectively. The results for all extraction methods for TFC, 6-G, and 6-S were between 9.422 and 10.037 mg EAG/g dry matter (dm), 4.072-4.838, and 0.194-0.263 mg/g dm respectively, with the highest values for TFC and 6-G for M and 6-S for R. FRAP and IC50 in DPPH values were between 0.172 and 0.192 mmol Fe2+/g dm and 0.531-0.722 mg dm/mL respectively, presenting higher antioxidant capacity in M and R1, R2, and R3 (1, 2, and 5 h, respectively). Extracts from M and R1 methods presented lower FTIR transmittance values and greater changes in their surface morphology, with folds and breaks in the starch granules by SEM images. It is concluded that extracts with higher antioxidant capacity are obtained using medium polarity solvents such as methanol and with M and R1 methods. Because of the longer extraction time and moderate thermal stress, the structure and surface morphology of the extracted GFD sample showed greater changes on the surface of the starch granules and, consequently, greater extraction of bioactive compounds.

4.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 40(4): 459-465, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38597474

RESUMO

Motivation for the study. There is little evidence on whether the consumption of fat sources containing different proportions of fatty acids has an effect on the characteristics of the liver and small intestine at an early age. Main findings. We found that the intake of fat sources containing unsaturated fatty acids contributes to maintaining the characteristics of both organs; whereas, consumption of sources containing saturated fatty acids favors inflammation in the liver and small intestine. Implications. The consumption of quinoa oil constitutes an alternative to protect these noble organs in an animal model at an early age. We aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of three sources of fatty acids on the relative weight, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the liver, and intestinal morphometry in an early-life animal model. Seventy-six randomly distributed chicks received one of the diets (T1: 97.0% basal diet (BD) + 3.0% inert material, T2: 97.0% BD + 3.0% partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening, T3: 97.0% BD + 3.0% quinoa oil, and T4: 97.0% BD + 3.0% fish oil) until the seventh day of life; samples were then extracted in order to be analyzed. We found that the animals that consumed quinoa oil (T3) or fish oil (T4) had favorable results associated to lower liver weight and better absorption of nutrients at intestinal level due to higher values in the hair length and crypt depth ratio, in comparison to partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening (T2). In conclusion, quinoa oil constitutes a healthy option for consumption and an alternative source to fish oil.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Fígado , Animais , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Dieta , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 72(4): 285-293, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1413581

RESUMO

Introducción: La alimentación en la primera infancia influencia la instauración del tejido adiposo y el desarrollo de diversas patologías en la edad adulta. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del consumo de tres fuentes de ácidos grasos sobre parámetros sanguíneos y tejido adiposo en pollos recién eclosionados. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 76 pollitos Cobb 500 distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro tratamientos, que fueron alimentados durante siete días con una de las cuatro dietas (T1: 97% Dieta basal (DB); T2: DB +3% de manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada; T3: DB +3% de aceite de quinua y T4: DB +3% de aceite de pescado). Al finalizar, se evaluó en sangre glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos y tamaño de adipocitos del tejido adiposo subcutáneo y visceral. Se aplicó ANOVA considerando 0,05 de significancia y en el caso de variables no distribuidas normalmente, se aplicó el test no paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis mediante el programa R-Studio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas con disminución de los niveles de glucosa y colesterol en animales suplementados con elevada proporción de aceites insaturados (T3 y T4) en comparación a T2. Los tratamientos T3 y T4 promovieron una formación hiperplásica de adipocitos, diferenciándose significativamente de T2, que promovió la hipertrofia en dichas células, esta respuesta fue similar en ambos depósitos subcutáneos. Conclusiones: El consumo de aceite de quinua y aceite de pescado promueve la formación de tejido adiposo saludable, y reducen los niveles de glucosa y colesterol. Contrariamente el consumo de manteca vegetal propicia la hipertrofia de adipocitos de gran tamaño e incrementa los parámetros bioquímicos evaluados(AU)


Introduction: Feeding in early childhood influences the establishment of adipose tissue, and therefore also in the development of various pathologies in adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the consumption of three sources of fatty acids on blood parameters and adipose tissue at an early age. Materials and methods: 76 Cobb 500 chicks randomly distributed in four treatments were used, who were fed for seven days with one of the four diets (T1: Basal diet; T2: DB +1.0% vegetable shortening partially hydrogenated; T3: DB +1.0% quinoa oil and DB +1.0% fish oil) until the seventh day of life. At the end, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and adipocyte size of the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were evaluated. A completely randomized design with ANOVA considering 0.05 significance was applied and in the case of non-normally distributed variables, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied using the R-Studio program. Results: Significant differences were obtained with a decrease in glucose and cholesterol levels in animals supplemented with unsaturated oils (T3 and T4) compared to T2. Regarding the size of adipocytes, treatments T3 and T4 promoted a hyperplastic formation of adipocytes, differing significantly from T2, which promoted hypertrophy in these cells, this response was similar in both subcutaneous deposits. Conclusions: The consumption of quinoa oil and fish oil promote the formation of healthy adipose tissue, in addition to reducing glucose and cholesterol levels. In contrast, the consumption of vegetable shortening favors the hypertrophy of large adipocytes and increases the biochemical parameters evaluated(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Sangue , Galinhas , Adipogenia , Ácidos Graxos , Verduras , Óleos de Peixe , Tecido Adiposo , Colesterol , Chenopodium quinoa , Gordura Intra-Abdominal
6.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 40(3): 132-138, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201596

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La anemia en menores de 5 años puede llevar a consecuencias irreversibles si no se diagnostica y/o no se trata oportunamente, estas consecuencias incluye el retraso en el crecimiento. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los valores de hemoglobina y el estado nutricional antropométrico en niños ecuatorianos menores de 5 años de edad y generar una ecuación de predicción de estatura a partir de los valores de hemoglobina. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional. La población de estudio fue de 198 135 niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad, atendidos en las Unidades Operativas de Salud de las 24 Provincias del Ecuador con información registrada en el Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional (SIVAN) del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) durante el año 2017. Las variables estudiadas fueron: zona geográfica, sexo, edad, peso, longitud/talla, hemoglobina (Hb). Para el diagnóstico del estado antropométrico se utilizó los indicadores recomendados por la OMS-2006, Talla//Edad (T//E) é Índice de masa corporal//Edad (IMC//E). Se consideró anemia a cualquier valor de hemoglobina <11,0 g/dl. Los datos se analizaron utilizando los programas de computación: Anthro v1.0.4 para estado antropométrico y JMP v11 para análisis descriptivo, bivariado y modelación. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia nacional de anemia fue de 25,8%, la de baja talla para la edad fue de 19,8%, y la de sobrepeso/obesidad fue de 6,0%. Se generaron tres modelos de predicción de estatura incluyendo como variables explicativas, hemoglobina, edad, sexo y altitud geográfica. CONCLUSIONES: Se recomienda la ecuación: Estatura (cm) = 66,946002 - 0,329883 (Hb) + 0,762376 (Edad). Los resultados del uso de esta ecuación que predice la estatura, permitirán realizar correctivos pertinentes en el estado nutricional del niño, para mejorar su crecimiento lineal


INTRODUCTION: Anemia in children under 5 years of age can lead to irreversible consequences if it is not diagnosed and / or not treated promptly, these consequences include stunted growth. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate hemoglobin values and anthropometric nutritional status in Ecuadorian children under 5 years old and to generate a height prediction equation from the hemoglobin values. METHODS: Observational study. The study population was 198 135 boys and girls between 0 and 5 years of age, assisted in the Health Operational Units of the 24 Provinces of Ecuador with information registered in the Integrated Nutritional Surveillance System of the Ministry of Public Health during the year 2017. The variables studied were: geographical area, sex, age, weight, length / height, hemoglobin (Hb). For the diagnosis of anthropometric status, the indicators recommended by the WHO-2006, Height // Age (H //A) is Body mass index // Age (BMI // A). Anemia was considered at any hemoglobin value <11,0 g / dL. The data were analyzed using the computer programs: Anthro v1.0.4 for anthropometric status and JMP v11 for descriptive, bivariate and modeling analysis. RESULTS: The national prevalence of anemia was 25,8%, the decrease in age for age was 19,8% and the overweight / obesity was 6,0%. Three height prediction models were generated as explanatory variables, hemoglobin, age, sex and geographic altitude. CONCLUSIONS: The equation is recommended: Height (cm) = 66,946002 - 0,329883 (Hb) + 0,762376 (Age). The results of the use of this equation would allow to take pertinent corrective measures in the nutritional status of the child to improve their linear growth


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Estado Nutricional , Hemoglobinas/análise , Anemia/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , Prevalência
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(4): 681-686, oct.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058779

RESUMO

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del consumo de harina de cáscara o harina de pulpa de dos variedades de Solanum tuberosum (papa Yungay y papa Canchán) sobre la acumulación de tejido adiposo, peso de órganos y estrés oxidativo en hígado de ratas realizamos un estudio experimental en 24 ratas Holtzman obesas, divididos en cuatro grupos y, sometidas a dietas que contenían 10% de harina de las dos variedades de papa. Los grupos fueron T1: cáscara Yungay, T2: pulpa Yungay; T3: cáscara Canchán; y T4: pulpa Canchán. Al finalizar, se sacrificaron todos los animales para registrar los pesos de órganos y tejido adiposo, y extraer muestras para determinar la actividad enzimática de superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en el hígado. El grupo de ratas obesas que consumió pulpa de variedad Yungay tuvo menor estrés oxidativo en el hígado; además, independientemente de la parte de tubérculo consumido, esta variedad redujo el peso de los riñones.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of peel flour or pulp flour from two varieties of Solanum tuberosum (Yungay potato and Canchán potato) on the accumulation of adipose tissue, organ weight, and oxidative stress in the liver of rats. We carried out an experimental study in 24 obese Holtzman rats, divided into four groups and subjected to diets containing 10% flour from both varieties of potato. The groups were T1: Yungay peel; T2: Yungay pulp; T3: Canchán peel; and T4: Canchán pulp. When the study was completed, all the animals were slaughtered to record the weights of organs and adipose tissue and to extract samples to determine the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver. The group of obese rats that consumed the pulp of the Yungay variety had less oxidative stress in the liver. Also, regardless of the tuber part consumed, this variety reduced the weight of the kidneys.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Solanum tuberosum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo
8.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 14(1): 57-69, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055712

RESUMO

Resumen El selenio (Se) es un mineral que cumple con funciones importantes en el organismo una de ellas es favorecer el equilibrio oxidativo al formar parte de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa. Existen dos fuentes de Se que pueden a través de la dieta ser suplementados a los animales, orgánica e inorgánica. La forma más antigua de Se ha sido la inorgánica por lo general el selenito de sodio y la orgánica es la Se-metionina que es el principal componente de la Se-levadura y recientemente la forma hidroxilada conocida como ácido 2-hidroxi-4-metil-seleno butanoico. La administración de Se-orgánico presenta mayores niveles de retención en el organismo, mayor concentración tisular en hígado, músculo, suero y mayor transferencia a lechones recién nacidos por medio del calostro y leche. En cerdos en etapas de finalización ha demostrado reducir las pérdidas por goteo al favorecer la retención de agua. Los niveles más recomendados de selenio en la nutrición porcina están entre 0,15 y 0,3 ppm y como fuente de elección Se-orgánico.


Abstract Selenium (Se) is a mineral that fulfills important functions in the organism, one of which is to favor oxidative balance by being part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. There are two sources of Se that can through the diet be supplemented to animals, organic and inorganic. The oldest form of It has been the inorganic usually the sodium selenite and the organic is the Se-methionine which is the main component of the Se-yeast and recently the hydroxylated form known as 2-hydroxy-4-methyl acid-butane butane. The administration of Se-organic presents higher levels of retention in the organism, higher tissue concentration in the liver, muscle, serum and greater transfer to newborn piglets through colostrum and milk. In pigs in stages of completion it has been shown to reduce drip losses by favoring water retention. The most recommended levels of selenium in swine nutrition are between 0.15 and 0.3 ppm and as a Se-organic source of choice.


Resumo O selênio (Se) é um mineral que desempenha importantes funções no organismo, uma das quais é favorecer o equilíbrio oxidativo por fazer parte da enzima glutationa peroxidase. Existem duas fontes de Se que podem, através da dieta, ser suplementadas a animais, orgânicos e inorgânicos. A forma primitiva foi inorgânico sido geralmente selenito de sódio e orgânico é o Se-metionina, que é o principal componente da SE-levedura e, recentemente, a forma hidroxilada conhecido como 2-hidroxi-4-metil butano butano. A administração de Se-orgânico apresenta maiores níveis de retenção no organismo, maior concentração tecidual no fígado, músculo, soro e maior transferência para leitões recém-nascidos através do colostro e leite. Nos porcos em fase de finalização, demonstrou-se que reduz as perdas por gotejamento favorecendo a retenção de água. Os níveis mais recomendados de selênio na nutrição suína estão entre 0,15 e 0,3 ppm e como fonte orgânica de escolha.

9.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 36(4): 681-686, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31967262

RESUMO

This study aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of peel flour or pulp flour from two varieties of Solanum tuberosum (Yungay potato and Canchán potato) on the accumulation of adipose tissue, organ weight, and oxidative stress in the liver of rats. We carried out an experimental study in 24 obese Holtzman rats, divided into four groups and subjected to diets containing 10% flour from both varieties of potato. The groups were T1: Yungay peel; T2: Yungay pulp; T3: Canchán peel; and T4: Canchán pulp. When the study was completed, all the animals were slaughtered to record the weights of organs and adipose tissue and to extract samples to determine the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver. The group of obese rats that consumed the pulp of the Yungay variety had less oxidative stress in the liver. Also, regardless of the tuber part consumed, this variety reduced the weight of the kidneys.


Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del consumo de harina de cáscara o harina de pulpa de dos variedades de Solanum tuberosum (papa Yungay y papa Canchán) sobre la acumulación de tejido adiposo, peso de órganos y estrés oxidativo en hígado de ratas realizamos un estudio experimental en 24 ratas Holtzman obesas, divididos en cuatro grupos y, sometidas a dietas que contenían 10% de harina de las dos variedades de papa. Los grupos fueron T1: cáscara Yungay, T2: pulpa Yungay; T3: cáscara Canchán; y T4: pulpa Canchán. Al finalizar, se sacrificaron todos los animales para registrar los pesos de órganos y tejido adiposo, y extraer muestras para determinar la actividad enzimática de superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en el hígado. El grupo de ratas obesas que consumió pulpa de variedad Yungay tuvo menor estrés oxidativo en el hígado; además, independientemente de la parte de tubérculo consumido, esta variedad redujo el peso de los riñones.


Assuntos
Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum tuberosum/química , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
10.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 35(2): 214-220, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30183901

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of endosperm of tara seeds (ETS) and powder of Agave americana leaves (AAL) on body weight and intestinal transit time in Holtzman rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five male Holtzman rats, individually caged, and distributed into five groups were fed for 21 days with one of the following treatments: T1, diet with 6% alpha cellulose (Control); T2, diet with 6% ETS; T3, diet with 6% AAL; T4, diet with 10% ETS; and T5, Diet with 10% AAL. Feed intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of fat, characteristics of feces (fat content, weight, moisture, volume, and pH) and intestinal transit time were recorded. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, as well as Tukey's multiple means comparison. RESULTS: Diets with 6% and 10% of ETS resulted in a reduction of feed intake, apparent digestibility of fat, and fecal pH, and said results had an effect in the reduction of body weight gain of 37.0% (p=0.008) and 50.9% (0.001), compared with the control diet. The diet with 10% of AAL powder reduced the intestinal transit time from 642 min (control) to 532 min (p=0.242). CONCLUSIONS: Diets containing EST regulated body weight gain, while the diet with AAL powder had no effects on the intestinal transit time in rats.


OBJETIVOS.: Evaluar el efecto del endospermo de semilla de tara (EST) y polvo de hojas del Agave americana (HAA) sobre el peso corporal y velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas Holtzman. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Veinticinco ratas machos Holtzman distribuidas en cinco grupos y alojadas en jaulas individuales, fueron alimentadas durante 21 días con uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, dieta con 6% de alfa celulosa (control); T2, dieta con 6% de EST; T3, dieta con 6% de HAA; T4, dieta con 10% de EST y T5, dieta con 10% de HAA. Se registraron el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso corporal, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa, características de las heces (contenido de grasa, peso, humedad, volumen y pH) y tiempo de tránsito intestinal. Se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía y a través de la comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Dietas con 6% y 10% del EST exhibieron una reducción en el consumo de alimento, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa y pH fecal, cuyos resultados tuvieron efectos en la reducción de la ganancia del peso corporal de 37,0% (p=0,008) y 50,9% (p=0,001) comparados con la dieta control. Dieta con 10% del polvo de HAA redujo el tiempo de tránsito intestinal de 642 min (control) a 532 min (p=0,242). CONCLUSIONES: Dietas que contienen EST regulan la ganancia del peso corporal; en cambio, dieta con polvo de HAA, no tuvo efectos sobre la velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas.


Assuntos
Agave , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Caesalpinia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Endosperma , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Masculino , Folhas de Planta , Pós , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sementes , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 35(2): 228-233, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30183902

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: . To determine the influence of the consumption of three varieties of quinoa on the biochemical parameters and intestinal histomorphometry in obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: . A total of 42 obese Holtzman rats arranged in seven treatments of six animals each were used and fed during 23 days with one of the seven diets: an obesogenic control and the others six containing 20% of Altiplano, Pasankalla, or Negra Collana quinoas processed by cooking or roasting. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were taken for the determination of glucose, triglycerides, and C-HDL levels; later, the animals were sacrificed, and the liver, small intestine, and kidneys were weighed. Small intestine samples were extracted for intestinal histomorphometry. Data were analyzed through ANOVA using GLM under a completely randomized design with 3x2 plus control factorial arrangement and comparison of means by Fisher test. RESULTS: . Glucose, triglyceride, and C-HDL levels did not differ compared to the control group; in addition, the weight of the kidneys was not affected by the experimental diets. However, the small intestine presented greater weight in the control group compared to those containing processed quinoa. Histomorphometry of the small intestine was not significantly affected by experimental diets. CONCLUSIONS.: Feeding obese rats with diets containing processed quinoa varieties does not modify the biochemical parameters and does not affect intestinal histomorphometry; however, it decreases the weight of the small intestine in obese rats.


OBJETIVO: . Determinar la influencia del consumo de tres variedades de quinua sobre parámetros bioquímicos e histomorfometría intestinal en ratas obesas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: . Se utilizaron 42 ratas obesas Holtzman dispuestas en siete tratamientos de seis animales cada uno, que fueron alimentados durante 23 días con una de las siete dietas: una obesogénica de control y las otras conteniendo además 20% de quinua Altiplano, Pasankalla y Negra Collana procesadas por cocción o tostado. Al finalizar el periodo de alimentación se tomaron muestras de sangre para la determinación de niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y C-HDL; posteriormente los animales fueron sacrificados y el hígado, intestino delgado (ID) y riñones fueron pesados; muestras de ID fueron extraídas para histomorfometría intestinal. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA utilizando el GLM bajo diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3x2 más control y comparación de medias mediante prueba de Fisher. RESULTADOS: . Los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y C-HDL no presentaron diferencias en comparación al grupo control; además, el peso de los riñones no fue afectado por las dietas experimentales. Sin embargo, el ID presentó mayor peso en el grupo control en comparación a los que contenían quinua procesada. La histomorfometría del ID no fue afectada significativamente por las dietas experimentales. CONCLUSIONES.: La alimentación de ratas obesas con dietas que contienen variedades de quinua procesada no modifica los parámetros bioquímicos y no afecta la histomorfometría intestinal; sin embargo, disminuye el peso del intestino delgado en ratas obesas.


Assuntos
Chenopodium quinoa , Dieta , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Animais , Glicemia/análise , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Triglicerídeos/sangue
12.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 35(2): 228-233, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-961871

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo . Determinar la influencia del consumo de tres variedades de quinua sobre parámetros bioquímicos e histomorfometría intestinal en ratas obesas. Materiales y Métodos . Se utilizaron 42 ratas obesas Holtzman dispuestas en siete tratamientos de seis animales cada uno, que fueron alimentados durante 23 días con una de las siete dietas: una obesogénica de control y las otras conteniendo además 20% de quinua Altiplano, Pasankalla y Negra Collana procesadas por cocción o tostado. Al finalizar el periodo de alimentación se tomaron muestras de sangre para la determinación de niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y C-HDL; posteriormente los animales fueron sacrificados y el hígado, intestino delgado (ID) y riñones fueron pesados; muestras de ID fueron extraídas para histomorfometría intestinal. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA utilizando el GLM bajo diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3x2 más control y comparación de medias mediante prueba de Fisher. Resultados . Los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y C-HDL no presentaron diferencias en comparación al grupo control; además, el peso de los riñones no fue afectado por las dietas experimentales. Sin embargo, el ID presentó mayor peso en el grupo control en comparación a los que contenían quinua procesada. La histomorfometría del ID no fue afectada significativamente por las dietas experimentales. Conclusiones. La alimentación de ratas obesas con dietas que contienen variedades de quinua procesada no modifica los parámetros bioquímicos y no afecta la histomorfometría intestinal; sin embargo, disminuye el peso del intestino delgado en ratas obesas.


ABSTRACT Objective . To determine the influence of the consumption of three varieties of quinoa on the biochemical parameters and intestinal histomorphometry in obese rats. Materials and Methods . A total of 42 obese Holtzman rats arranged in seven treatments of six animals each were used and fed during 23 days with one of the seven diets: an obesogenic control and the others six containing 20% of Altiplano, Pasankalla, or Negra Collana quinoas processed by cooking or roasting. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were taken for the determination of glucose, triglycerides, and C-HDL levels; later, the animals were sacrificed, and the liver, small intestine, and kidneys were weighed. Small intestine samples were extracted for intestinal histomorphometry. Data were analyzed through ANOVA using GLM under a completely randomized design with 3x2 plus control factorial arrangement and comparison of means by Fisher test. Results . Glucose, triglyceride, and C-HDL levels did not differ compared to the control group; in addition, the weight of the kidneys was not affected by the experimental diets. However, the small intestine presented greater weight in the control group compared to those containing processed quinoa. Histomorphometry of the small intestine was not significantly affected by experimental diets. Conclusions. Feeding obese rats with diets containing processed quinoa varieties does not modify the biochemical parameters and does not affect intestinal histomorphometry; however, it decreases the weight of the small intestine in obese rats.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Chenopodium quinoa , Dieta , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Obesidade/sangue
13.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 35(2): 214-220, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-961881

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto del endospermo de semilla de tara (EST) y polvo de hojas del Agave americana (HAA) sobre el peso corporal y velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas Holtzman. Materiales y métodos Veinticinco ratas machos Holtzman distribuidas en cinco grupos y alojadas en jaulas individuales, fueron alimentadas durante 21 días con uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, dieta con 6% de alfa celulosa (control); T2, dieta con 6% de EST; T3, dieta con 6% de HAA; T4, dieta con 10% de EST y T5, dieta con 10% de HAA. Se registraron el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso corporal, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa, características de las heces (contenido de grasa, peso, humedad, volumen y pH) y tiempo de tránsito intestinal. Se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía y a través de la comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. Resultados Dietas con 6% y 10% del EST exhibieron una reducción en el consumo de alimento, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa y pH fecal, cuyos resultados tuvieron efectos en la reducción de la ganancia del peso corporal de 37,0% (p=0,008) y 50,9% (p=0,001) comparados con la dieta control. Dieta con 10% del polvo de HAA redujo el tiempo de tránsito intestinal de 642 min (control) a 532 min (p=0,242). Conclusiones Dietas que contienen EST regulan la ganancia del peso corporal; en cambio, dieta con polvo de HAA, no tuvo efectos sobre la velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas.


ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of endosperm of tara seeds (ETS) and powder of Agave americana leaves (AAL) on body weight and intestinal transit time in Holtzman rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male Holtzman rats, individually caged, and distributed into five groups were fed for 21 days with one of the following treatments: T1, diet with 6% alpha cellulose (Control); T2, diet with 6% ETS; T3, diet with 6% AAL; T4, diet with 10% ETS; and T5, Diet with 10% AAL. Feed intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of fat, characteristics of feces (fat content, weight, moisture, volume, and pH) and intestinal transit time were recorded. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, as well as Tukey's multiple means comparison. Results Diets with 6% and 10% of ETS resulted in a reduction of feed intake, apparent digestibility of fat, and fecal pH, and said results had an effect in the reduction of body weight gain of 37.0% (p=0.008) and 50.9% (0.001), compared with the control diet. The diet with 10% of AAL powder reduced the intestinal transit time from 642 min (control) to 532 min (p=0.242). Conclusions Diets containing EST regulated body weight gain, while the diet with AAL powder had no effects on the intestinal transit time in rats.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Agave , Caesalpinia , Pós , Sementes , Fatores de Tempo , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Folhas de Planta , Endosperma
14.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 67(2): 146-156, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1022331

RESUMO

En los últimos diez años hubo importantes modificaciones en la definición de la fibra dietaria bajo la dirección de la Comisión del CODEX Alimentarius. El más importante fue la inclusión de los carbohidratos no digeribles de 3 a 9 unidades de grado de polimerización dentro de la definición química, la que fue adoptada algunos países y en otras están en proceso de evaluación tal como los Estados Unidos; lo que hace que no exista un consenso global. Donde sí hay un consenso es en la definición fisiológica de la fibra dietaria, considerada como grupo de carbohidratos resistentes a la digestión por las enzimas del intestino delgado y fermentado en forma parcial o total en el colon, con efectos favorables en la salud. La Association of Official Analytical Chemist (siglas en Inglés: AOAC), en armonía con la nueva definición del CODEX Alimentarius, establecieron los métodos AOAC 2009.01 y 2011.25, diseñado para cuantificar la fibra dietaria solubles, fibra dietaria insoluble y la fibra dietaria total. En este contexto, se vienen desarrollando investigaciones in vitro e in vivo (en animales y humanos) para demostrar los efectos fisicoquímicos, funcionales y fisiológicos que van orientados hacia la prevención y tratamiento de algunas enfermedades no transmisible (ENTs). La presente revisión, pretende informar de las nuevas definiciones y los métodos de análisis, las propiedades funcionales y fisiológicas de la fibra dietaria y sus efectos en la salud humana(AU)


In the last ten years there have been important changes in the definition of dietary fiber under the leadership of the CODEX Alimentarius Commission. The most important was the inclusion of non-digestible carbohydrates of 3 to 9 units of degree of polymerization within the chemical definition, which was adopted in some countries and in others are in the process of evaluation such as the United States which indicates that does not exist a global consensus. Where there is a consensus is in the physiological definition of dietary fiber, considered as a group of carbohydrates resistant to the digestion by enzymes of the small intestine and fermented partially or totally in the colon, with favorable health effects. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), in line with the new definition of CODEX Alimentarius, established the AOAC 2009.01 and 2011.25 methods, designed to quantify soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and total dietary fiber. In this context, In Vitro and In Vivo research (in animals and humans) are being carried out to demonstrate the physicochemical, functional and physiological effects that are directed towards the prevention and treatment of some non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This review aims to inform the new definitions and methods of analysis, the functional and physiological properties of dietary fiber and their effects on human health(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carboidratos/análise , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/classificação , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Doenças não Transmissíveis
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